HIV/AIDS Symptoms AIDS-Defining Illnesses and Conditions By Mark Cichocki, RN Updated on April 22, 2020 Medically reviewed by Latesha Elopre, MD, MSPH Print AIDS-defining illnesses are those which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified as being directly associated with advanced HIV infection. Many of these diseases are seen outside the realm of HIV but are considered AIDS-defining either because they are more prevalent in HIV-positive people or are rarely seen outside of immune-suppressive disorders. Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images While some of these diseases can occur in people who don't have HIV, they are only considered AIDS-defining in the presence of an HIV infection. AIDS is defined as having a CD4 count of fewer than 200 cells/mL and/or a diagnosis of an AIDS-defining illness. Opportunistic Infections vs. AIDS-Defining Illnesses While AIDS-defining illnesses can also be classified as opportunistic infections, the opposite is not necessarily true. Opportunistic infections are those caused by otherwise common, harmless viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites which can cause disease when immune defenses have been compromised. Many opportunistic infections are not life-threatening and can develop even when a person's CD4 count is high. AIDS-defining illnesses, by contrast, tend to appear during later-stage disease when the CD4 count has dropped significantly. Some opportunistic infections, such as herpes simplex, are only considered to be AIDS-defining when they spread (disseminates) beyond the tissue or organ where they are typically seen. List of AIDS-Defining Illnesses The current list of AIDS-defining illnesses according to the CDC are : Bacterial infections, multiple or recurrent Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, or lungs Candidiasis of the esophagus Cervical cancer (invasive) Coccidioidomycosis, disseminated Cryptococcosis, presenting outside of the lung Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal for longer than one month Cytomegalovirus (CMV) with loss of vision Cytomegalovirus disease (other than in the liver, spleen, or lymph nodes) Encephalopathy (HIV-related, also knows as AIDS dementia complex) Herpes simplex virus (HSV), lasting longer than a month or appearing in an area other than the skin (such as esophagus or lungs) Histoplasmosis, disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia complex Burkitt lymphoma (or equivalent term) Immunoblastic lymphoma (or equivalent term) Primary lymphoma of the brain Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium kansasii, disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis of any site in or out of the lungs Mycobacterium or similar species, disseminated beyond the lung Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia, recurrent Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) Salmonella septicemia, recurrent Toxoplasmosis of the brain Tuberculosis Wasting syndrome A Word From Verywell If you have HIV, getting your CD4 count and viral load tested regularly is critical to your health and the prevention of HIV-associated diseases. AIDS-defining illnesses are best avoided by starting antiretroviral therapy, ideally at the time of diagnosis. Once started, HIV therapy must be continued for a lifetime and taken daily to ensure the sustained suppression of viral activity and to prevent the development of drug and multi-drug resistance. How HIV Is Treated 2 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Mocroft A, Furrer HJ, Miro JM, et al. The incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses at a current CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/μL in the post-combination antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(7):1038-47. doi:10.1093/cid/cit423. CDC. AIDS-defining conditions. December 5, 2008. Additional Reading Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Appendix A: AIDS-Defining Conditions. MMWR. 2008;57(RR10):9. Djawe, K.; Buchacz, K.; Hsu, L., et al. Mortality Risk After AIDS-Defining Opportunistic Illness Among HIV-Infected Persons—San Francisco, 1981–2012. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. June 3, 2015;212(9):1366-75.doiI:10.1093/infdis/jiv235. INSIGHT START Study Group. Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection. New England Journal of Medicine. July 20, 2015; doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1506816. By Mark Cichocki, RN Mark Cichocki, RN, is an HIV/AIDS nurse educator at the University of Michigan Health System for more than 20 years. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Medical Expert Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error Submit